The Black Panther Party Fought For Civil Rights - 978 Words

What was the Black Panther Party for Self Defense? During the turbulent 1960’s, the Black Panther party was initially established to protect the black community from police brutality. The Black Panther Party grew its membership by appealing to the sense of hopelessness in black American people. Although widely known for violence, the Black Panther Party had goals to organize and service the black and oppressed communities. Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale wrote an outline for the BPP, the Ten Point Program, which set the objective for members to follow. The BPP seemed to grow in membership for all the wrong reasons. Despite their reputation, the BPP did manage to successfully put into effect many survival programs within black and†¦show more content†¦He made a statement that 1969 would end the life of the Black Panther Party. However, by 1969, the Black Panther Party had grown to a membership of nearly 10,000. The BPP inspired many young, black Americans. They gained confidence and self-esteem. The Black Panther Party offered them a chance to rise above the class struggle, gangs and drugs. Conflicts between the Party members and police had been continuous. All of them were violent and ended up with attacks and arrests of BPP members. In April 1969 twenty one Panthers were arrested for conspiracy. The police raided BPP offices in New York and Panthers were arrested. On May 11th, 1969 rallies were held all over America to â€Å"Free Huey†. He was later released in August of that year The radical methods and revolutionary rhetoric prevented some people from seeing the positive impacts of the organization on the black and minority communities. There is no doubt that the Black Panther Party started some well meaning social survival programs for minorities. These â€Å"Survival Programs† were established by Huey Newton to recognize the needs in the black and minority communities. Many of the programs served as political agendas to enable the people within these communities. It allowed the people to have a voice and to take action to deal with oppression. In 1969 â€Å"Free Breakfast for Children† started in Oakland. Free health clinic, clothing programs and schools were opening eachShow MoreRelatedFighting is not always the right way to go, and you should pick and choose your battles because,600 Words   |  3 PagesFighting is not always the right way to go, and you should pick and choose your battles because, you are not going to win every fight, and there is always going to be someone bigger and better than you, but Malcolm X proved that sometimes it is ok fighting for what you believe is right. He fou ght for what he believed in, and that was full freedom and equal rights for African Americans. Malcolm X went from humiliation to admiration for fighting for what he believed was right to him. Malcolm X sacrificedRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement vs. The Black Liberation Movement Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages On The Duty of Civil Disobedience, written by Henry David Thoreau, explains that civil disobedience is the act of standing for your beliefs even though they are against the law. Thoreau goes on to say that the government (because it is ruled by the majority) is not always right for everyone especially the individual and the minority. Over the course of American history, there have been many different groups formed for the purpose of civil disobedience. The two that I am going to focus onRead More Students and the Civil Rights Movement During the 1960s Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesDuring this decade, the Civil Rights movement continued to gain momentum. The black community was continually persecuted and discriminated against by prejudice white individuals and figures of authority. Blacks everywhere struggled to end discrimination. 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The film discusses famous civil rights movement leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr, Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, Fred Hampton and EldridgeRead MoreMalcolm X And The Black Panthers1352 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X and the Black Panthers both the profoundly affected the goals of the civil right movement. Malcolm X was born on May 19th, 1925 in Omaha Nebraska. Earl Little, (Malcolm’s father) was an outspoken Baptist minister and an avid supporter of the Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Malcom graduated at the top of his class however when a teacher told him that his dream of becoming a lawyer was â€Å"no realistic goal for a nigger† (Genius, 2016), these words greatly impacted him and caused hi mRead More Is violence the answer? the black panther party Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Answer?: The Black Panther Party nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Organized in the 1960s at the height of the American Civil Rights Movement, the Black Panther Party emerged as a revolutionist group pioneering a strategy of militancy. The Party’s aims were to eliminate the discrimination challenging African-Americans in America since the time of slavery, and to protect their communities from police brutality. Inspired by contemporary radical leaders such as Malcolm X, the party recognized that inRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr.1096 Words   |  5 PagesNewton stood up and fought for justice, equality and freedom for our people in this country. Huey Percy Newton was born February 17, 1942 and died August 22, 1989. He was an African-American political and urban activist who, along with Bobby Seale, co-founded the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born January 15, 1929 and died April 4, 1968. He was an African-American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. There haveRead MoreThe Black Of Black Panther Party1314 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican-Americans fought for civil and equal rights in America. The Black Panther Party did this through many different ways such as food banks, newspapers, free food and clothing. Led by many influential and powerful people, such as Martin L. King, Bobby Seale , and Huey Newton. Even though the Black Panthers were considered radical because of their use of force to protect the African American communities, their actions were just because their goals were to receive equal rights and opportunitiesRead MorePresentation Speech : Prelude Of The Civil Rights Movement 1950s1211 Words   |  5 Pagesto the Civil Rights Movement 1950s First, to see how we have gotten to the point of where society is at today, we need to know where we have come from. We can trace the roots of the civil rights movement back to the late 1940s and 1950s, starting with World War 2. During the war, the military was kept segregated, which kept white supremacy prominent. For example, blacks had separate drafts which limited into what branch they could serve. The Air Corps and Navy were mostly white, and blacks often servedRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King919 Words   |  4 Pagesgot him put in jail many time for civil disobedience towards the British government. However, Gandhi never resorted to violence, and Martian Luther King Junior followed this same effective process. Non-violence was an effective process for Gandhi because you cant just hurt innocent people. When the British government would attack innocent protesters, it made them look bad to the rest of the world. Martian Luther King Junior had it a little harder considering black people had no say about anything

The Royal Military College as an Instrument for Molding...

The Royal Military College as an Instrument for Molding Military Offices To view the Royal Military College (RMC) as an instrument for molding military officers for the nation would be an accurate means of outlining the institutions objective. In the Organizational Behavior Concepts, Controversies, Applications, textbook by Stephen Robbins and Nancy Langton, organizational culture is defined as: a system of shared meaning and common perception held by members of an organization that distinguishes it from other organizations. (Robbins and Langton 316) Like all institutions RMC is full of variables and cleavages that link peoples together in a variety of manners. There is however more than simply a catchy motto Truth, Duty,†¦show more content†¦While in the early part of the last century some of the original goals of RMC included producing quality officers in Canada for the war effort at the same time developing Canadian autonomy from Great Britain; todays goals and objectives are indeed different. Yet the point remains that the college did not get shut down when the mandate changed. This fact reflects its immortality. There are many other military academies in the world; an example of one closest to home is that of the United States Military Academy, WestPoint. RMC and WestPoint have nursed a competitive rivalry since the early years of RMC. While both institutions are in the business of producing commissioned officers for their respective nations, the two academies are very different in terms of character and personality. According to the field of organizational behavior, institutions are said to have personalities just as people do. This is where culture plays a role in each respective military academy and determining the atmosphere of the institution. At both RMC and WestPoint there are differing notions of acceptable behavior. The first years at WestPoint are treated very differently than they are at RMC. The USMA 4th classman, also known around the campus as pleebe is kept distant from the upper years at WestPoint. While RMC has taken a very different stance, whereby first year cadets are treated as full fledge members of the Cadet Wing. The character of the twoShow MoreRelatedThe Philippine Architecture: Spanish Colonial Period18287 Words   |  74 Pagesspecific place where the Sto. Nià ±os and Saints were positioned. Through this influence, the space inside the typical house of a Filipino was added and later on became divided. 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Bar Kochba Revolt Essay Example For Students

Bar Kochba Revolt Essay The Jewish revolt led byBar Kochba in 132 AD was not the work of a single if a single radical revolutionary. It was the inevitable result of years of promises not kept to the Jews, andlaws which suppressed the basis of Jews as a nation. To understand the reasonfor Bar Kochbas Revolt one must go back many years even before the war. Priorto Hadrian, an emperor by the name of Trajan was the ruler of the Roman empire. Due to the rebellion of the Jews in the Diaspora to the east and the westof them, Trajan, in order to keep the Jews in Palestine from rebelling he hadto send a great general to be governor of the Jews in Palestine, a generalwho was well with the harshness in which he treated people. This generalsname was Tineius Rufus, he was the general that put down the uprising of theJews in Parthia. Because of Rufus reputation of his severity to the Jews,he uprooted any thought of the Jews in Palestine to rebel against Rome at thattime. The Jews did not want to rebel anyway. Trajan had promised the Jewsthat he would rebuild the asenv ,hc, the Jews assumed this also meant to rebuildJerusalem.The Pagans in Palestine did not want the asenv ,hc to be rebuilt,they thought that if it was rebuilt it would be the rebirth of the Jewish nation. Also, in addition, Trajan, the Emperor who made this promise died and wassucceeded by Hadrian. The Jews were unsure if Hadrian would keep the promisethat Trajan once made. Hadrian wanted to go to Jerusalem to see what he wasrebuilding before he started the construction. When Hadrian got there he wasawed by the sight of a once desolate and fruitful city in ruins. He immediatelywanted to start the reconstruction.However later the Jews were surprisedand disappointed to discover that Hadrian wanted to rebuild Jerusalem not asa city for the Jews to restart in, but as a Pagan city sanctified to the PaganG-d Jupiter. He was going to put an alter where the Jews asenv ,hc once stood. Hadrian was to be the high priest. What once was called Jerusalem would nowbe called Aelia Capitolina. This was a mockery to the Jews. The Jews waitedsixty years from the destruction of the Second asenv ,hc for Rome to restoreit to them. The Jews held themselves back from Rebelling with their neighboringJews in Diaspora because they held onto, and believed that Trajans promisewould be kept. Furthermore, Hadrian later made a prohibition of circumcision. Consequently the Jews saw in Hadrian another Antiochus Epiphanes. And wherethere was an Antiochus, a Maccabee was bound to arise. THE JEWS HAD TO REVOLT. The Romans had by now either banned or mocked some of the most important beliefsin Judaism. If they did not revolt against the Romans they would have died,in a spiritual sense. Even if the Romans didnt kill them, they would notreally be Jewish anymore. Circumcision, which was the physical differencebetween them as Jews and, as well as a basic premise of their Jewish beliefs. Their only choice was to gain their independence. Rabbi Akiva, a great scholarof his day, also once believed in Tarsus promise. He had also been led astray. Therefore, the great Rabbi helped organize thousands of soldiers to fightfor the independence and welfare of the Jewish people. Rabbi Akiva also pickeda man named Shimon Bar Kochba to lead his army. Rabbi Akiva was sure thatBar Kochba would turn out to be A second Judah the Maccabee.Rabbi Akivawas so sure of this that he called Bar Kochba the jhan. His name alone wasa reference to him being the jhan, his name Bar Kochba means Son of a Starfrom the word Kochab which means star. There was also a sentence in the Torahwhich stated, A star has come forth from David. Both times a star is mentioned. .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3 , .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3 .postImageUrl , .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3 , .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3:hover , .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3:visited , .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3:active { border:0!important; } .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3:active , .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3 .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u98960e71be42c5fcd67d8af9a638b3f3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art Scams EssayThis is a direct referral to him being the jhan. Bar Kochba had to makesure his army was ferocious and unstoppable. To make sure that his army onlyconsisted of the strongest warriors, he said that only men who would bite afinger off his right hand would merit to be in his army, 200,000 people passedthis test. The Rabbis objected to this manner of testing Jews. They saidto Bar Kochba, How long are you going to turn Jews into ohnun hkgc? Thismeans, how long will you turn Jews into Warriors with imperfection (a missingfinger). Nonetheless, Bar Kochba could think of no other way to test the Jews. So the Rabbis suggested that anybody who can uproot a Cedar of Lebanon whileriding past it on a horse would be deserving to enter Bar Kochbas army, 200,000more people passed this test. After recruiting several others Bar Kochba hadan enormous and ferocious army of about 580,000 people. Bar Kochba was soconfident of his army that before each battle he would say to G-d, RibbonoShel Olam! Do not help us do not hinder us! What Bar Kochba basically meantwas, let nature run its course, we do not need your help. With his army,Bar Kochba started his attack. Instead of Having an attack of Bar Kochbasarmy to all of Palestine at once, he captured Palestine a little at a time. He would take over fortress after fortress, city after city. Pretty soonBar Kochba had overthrown all of Palestine for the Jews. The Jews were onceagain independent. In Jerusalem an alter to the Jewish G-d was placed on theplace where the magnificent asenv ,hc once stood. Also the building of awall around Jerusalem had begun. Despite this new joy brought to the Jews,Bar Kochba knew that the Romans were planning a counter attack so he kept traininghis army. In fact Bar Kochba was right. Hadrian had brought a world renownedgeneral all the way from Britain to lead his army against the Jews. The Romanarmy along with aiding pagan armies went to launch their counterattack againstBar Kochba. The Roman army, much like Bar Kochbas army didnt attack themwith one big battle. They reconquered Palestine one town at a time. Theydefeated little bands of rebels independently defending their cities. TheRomans took back the Galil, Yehuda and eventually the Roman army forced BarKochba into a small fort ified city in Jerusalem called Betar. It was saidthat Betar was impenetrable. Every day of the Roman siege around Betar a mannamed Rabbi Elazar Hamodai prayed to G-d that they should live another day. Rabbi Elazar prayed to G-d everyday, Do not sit in judgment today. Oneday a Kussi snuck into the city. He pretended to whisper into Rabbi Elazarsear. When Bar Kochba heard of this, he questioned Rabbi Elazar. Bar Kochbaasked Rabbi Elazar what was said to him by the Kussi on that day. When RabbiElazar replied that nothing was said to him Bar Kochba kicked Rabbi Elazarand he immediately died. On the Ninth of Av, shortly after Rabbi Elazarsdeath Betar fell. The Ninth of Av was a very mournful day for the Jews, itwas the day of the destruction of the first and second asenv ,hc. The fallof Betar was due to a three main events. The first is that the siege of Betarleft the Jews inside the city starving and exhausted.The second is thata spy from Betar told the Romans a secret way to get into the city.The thirdis that perhaps Bar Kochba was not the real protection of the Jews, Rabbi Elazarwas. He was a righteous man and prayed for the welfare of the Jews and ofhimself every single day.On the battlefield about a half a million Jewswere found dead. The rest of the Jews were either sold as slaves, hid in caves,or fled to other countries. Bar Kochba was found dead on the front. Howeverhe was not found to be killed by a Roman, he was found strangled by a hugeserpent. After they saw that Bar Kochba lost the war and died, they realizedthat Bar Kochba was no jhan. They renamed him from Bar Kochba which symbolizedhim being the jhan, Son of a Star to Bar Koziva Son of deceit. Hadrianrealized that the Jews would never see Rome as a mother country. A Countrythat control them. He realized that the Jews would always see the Romans asTyrants. Hadrian finished the construction of the city made by Hadrian forJupiter called Aelia Capitolina where Jerusalem once stood. The Jews exiledfrom Jerusalem were forbidden to go near the city.The Jews thus every yearon the Ninth of Av would bribe their way into the city and Mourn over the citythat was once the center of their religion. Hadrian issu ed a bunch of prohibitionsagainst Judaism. He forbade Circumcision, keeping the Sabbath, and the makingand keeping of a Jewish Calendar. Though not making a calendar may not seamlike such a harsh punishment but it is. Without a Jewish Calendar you cannotfixate the Jewish Holidays which meant you couldnt keep them. He also prohibitedstudying and teaching. So in short, Hadrian prohibited Judaism. The Jewshad to fight, the Jews had to revolt against the Romans. Even though the revoltyielded disastrous results, the Jews had no other alternative. Bar Kochbajust tried to help. He happened to have been a great general with a magnificentarmy. If anyone of lesser talent was to have been general over the Jewisharmy and led the revolt, it probably would have been even worse. Bar Kochbatherefore was good for the Jews he gave hope to the Jews and gave them a tasteof independence and what it feels like to fight for all you believe in. Hewas the inevitable result of years of suppression. The Jews had no choicebut to revolt. Even if Bar Kochba did not exist a revolt would have stilloccurred maybe with a different date and a different leader, but a revolt wasinescapable. Bibliography1. SolomonGrayzel, A History of the Jews (Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Societyof America, 1961) pages.180-185, 199-201, 204-205, 212, 3802. Rabbi Dr. .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9 , .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9 .postImageUrl , .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9 , .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9:hover , .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9:visited , .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9:active { border:0!important; } .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9:active , .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9 .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6c0f75c37e7ace518293a777c1010ea9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adolescent Peer Pressure EssayRaphael Posner, eds. Junior Judaica, Encyclopedia Judaica for Youth, (Jerusalem:Keter Publishing House Jerusalem LTD., 1982) s.v. Bar Kokhba pages. 106-1073. Suri Cohen, Mashiach, Mashiach, Mashiach. 1996 (?), School Booklet. ShevachHigh School, New York. pages. 13-184. Naomi Ben-Asher and Hayim Leaf, TheJunior Jewish Encyclopedia (New York City:Sheng Old Publishers Inc, 1967)s.v. Bar Kokhba, Simeon page. 535.Encyclopedia International (Canada:Grolier Inc., 1972) s.v. Bar Cocheba or Bar Kokba page.386Category: History

Debt and Developing Nations System

Question: Discuss about the Debt and Developing Nations System. Answer: Introduction Developing economies or developing nations rather find it difficult or wholly impossible to oversee its development and pay for all its expenses on its means and ensure correct management and use of its expenditures and resources without both internal and external borrowing. According to Faiez H. Seyal, the International Monetary Funds (IMF, 2006) says that the level in which the borrowing rate of these countries have gone up and at a very alarming unsustainable rate. They say that the total external debt owed by the developing nations increased by 437 billion dollars to stand at 4trillion dollars at the end of 2010, the latest period for which data is available. The agricultural and mineral exports produced by these developing nations together with the revenue collected does not earn them enough to sustain their economies hence the massive accumulation of these debts both foreign and domestic. Public debt, which is, basically, the borrowing of capital, machinery, and technology by governments from within the country (domestic) or from foreign lenders, from private individuals or both banking and non-banking financial institutions, are classified as; In-house or internal debt is that which is borrowed with the country while the foreign one is that which is borrowed from foreign creditors, outside a country. Productive debts are those that are expected to enable the creation of assets that will increase the level of income earned to be able to sustain the country and pay back the debt together with the accrued interest. Non-productive loans do not generate any assets and are albatross. Short term and long term Short term loans, also known as floating debts, are temporary thereby having a short maturity period and paid after a short period while long-term debts take a lot of time, maybe some years, before it is paid. There are various causes that have led to the increase of public debts by developing nations, besides war including the following; The high deficits in federal budgets. These arise from the need by these governments to sustain a full economic activity where they cease to expand. Shortage of foreign exchange and an increase in the capital flight, Excessive foreign aid and the commissioning of welfare schemes in the modern times by these states. The increase in both corporate and house debts and the growth in war preparedness in an attempt to guard their territories against intruders and enemies. It has been proved beyond doubt that extensive study and research that developing nations face a daunting challenge to achieve economic growth, even when they are producing and exporting goods, and that a countries debt burden played a significant role in influencing the productivity of labor and capital. (Cunningham, 1993). Years later, a study published in the World Bank Economic Review that linked performance in different financial sectors to rate of economic growth and distribution of income. It became apparent that developing countries had been locked into a cycle of incurring debt to finance debt (Beck, Demirgu-Kunt, Ross, 2010). These findings were confirmed in another study published in 2010. Jens Hilscher and Yves Nosbusch have also reported the phenomenon associated with varying interest rates at which emerging markets borrow and repay. Sometimes this phenomenon could have contributed to its inability to repay debt and avoidance to incur more(Vasishtha, 2010). IMF, the World Bank and the government aid are the major lenders to these economies and these countries have no other obligation than to enrich their creditors through their low priced supplies to get the deficits to sustain their economies. The less developed countries (LDCs) borrow both externally, foreign debts, and internally, that is, domestic debts(Hilscher Nosbusch, 2010). These countries have a tendency of borrowing from its commercial banks and financial institutions that give credit with little maturity period and has increased the debt volatility from 7.8 -14.4 percent of Gross Domestic Product, GDP, Traditionally, domestic borrowing was used by countries only when they did not have access to external market, unlike today, where the increase in internal financing is due to lack of access to the International capital market. (Brooks, et al., 2015), argues that borrowing funds domestically has the benefit of being given in the currency of that country hence reducing exchange incongruities, thereby, policy makers are trying to lessen the menace of free financing through reduced rate of foreign borrowing. They actually, consider adjustments between the rate and effects of alternative financing and the available possible returns when planning and deciding the optimal structure of public debts. Krugman 2006, as quoted by Ugo Panizza, says that the kind of the original debt format a country will settle on will comprise of lots of adjustments and any flaws with the existing system only recognized after a financial crisis begins to be sensed. Hence policy makers should be aware of these vulnerabilities. Analysis (Ferraro, 2008), argues that borrowing considerably influences the actual economic growth of these indebted countries despite their financial value. The role of converting the countries savings into credit has been described as one of the most serious methods they have for resource allocation. He further says that different valuations have displayed some differences on the level of debt intensification on GDP growth, hence proving it very hard to regulate the prime ratio of debt-to-GDP. The total maximization of debt-to-GDP ratios, as quoted by Ferraro (2008) lies between 200% and 220% where short-term progress drops for levels above 150%. Valuations on various government debts have shown adverse effects on both, development and progress on GDP levels. Having access to reserved debts has resulted in a higher value of about 270% when GDP per capita levels are considered for growth maximization. (Cranston, et al., 2010) illustrates that a countrys ability to give national bonds with extended maturity periods in its own currency, lies entirely on the presence of resources control and management which has disputed by Reynaud (2005) who say that the outcomes are not vigorous due to the difference in countries ability to borrow and capability to pay these debts in terms of export, and revenue collected. The foreign markets have provided lots of money and aid to the developing countries, who have used them as an opportunity to increase their limited savings, thus financing public arrears without depending only on the private sector or inflationary finance for funding (Desai Vreeland, 2011). Foreign aid has been used as an insurance to all monetary dealings made or promised to needy countries either in cash; through investments, loans and infrastructural development, or in kind through; giving of army and war equipment at lower prices, armed pacts, military assistance during crisis, military technical assistance, advice, subversions and direct participation. (Ajay 2000, as quoted by Funso Aluko and Dare Arowolo). Third world countries resort to external loans due to their increased demand for capital and resources to enable the sustenance of its economy and development agendas. It has led to the growth of a debt crisis leading to little savings on their GDP for social, domestic servi ces. The overwhelming financial predicaments that affected these emerging markets in the developing countries saw to it that policymakers were well aware of the risks involved in borrowing foreign aid (Franko Seiber, 2014). These loans are highly exploitive and are consistently given by the creditors to hold these countries as their slaves in a way that they cannot be able to repay hereafter they maintain the master- servant/slave relationship, because of the depth of these debts. For example, Funso Aluko and Dare Arowolo say that in Nigeria, according to CIA World Fact Book (2010), their debt profile by 2009 stood at 3.97 billion dollars where federal governments have a debt of 2.093 billion dollars while the governments are indebted with 1.85 billion dollars. These amounts are so high compared to Nigerias GDP, and revenues, therefore, cannot be able to pay all the debts completely and maintain the growth of its development projects at the same time, making them slaves to their debtors. Various study cases that have been conducted have shown that debts issued by foreign lenders seem to be less expensive compared to those released by the countries internal creditors (Grimmett, 2010). Many can conclude from these results that these developing countries might contribute to reducing their interest rates of funding without risking their image through giving more securities to their creditors, without feeling like this could be the unachievable strategy. These LDCs could be able to give long-dated internal loans and debts despite currency-maturity trade-off, provided they pay the prices posed by the market for such debts. These prices, however, may not echo the right inflation or devaluation values expected, thereby becoming costly. Aluko and Dare Arowolo illustrate that various theories have been established to try and identify or explain reasons that have fueled the development of these LDCs and the Dependency model is one of them, which is built on the notion that resources flow from poor nations to those that are established and already developed (Ximin, 2012). Some of the mentioned resources that flow include; The provision of natural resources like crude oil, provision of less expensive labor, majorly through indirect slavery, a dumpsite for outdated technology and market to the industrialized nations hence their high standards of living. The countries that give financial aid counter the attempts of these states to repeal their influences of economic endorsements or use of force (Todaro 2003). These developed nations prolong their dependence through involving finances and banking, media control, political influences, education funding, culture, and sports together with all spheres involving human development (United Nations, 2009). In their Nigerian experience, they also note that the causes of the countrys external debts include the following; Trade and exchange rate policies that is ineffective Exchange rates and interest rate movements that is very hostile to the debtors Inappropriate lending trends and wasteful loan utilization by the indebted government. Lack of proper debt management practices due to inadequate debt management systems that ensure the required amount of funding is raised; its costs and risks objectives are also achieved. Accumulation of arrears and penalties causing a lot of burden for the nation due to an increase of lending interest in percentages and also in the growth of taxation. Many governments have tried to make good use of the debts they borrow enable sustainability of the rate and level of growth through involvement of a public debt management docket, that ensures the required amount of funding is raised, its costs and risks objectives are also achieved and all these can be serviced under a wide range of circumstances (Gulati, 2008). The managers placed in this docket often share fiscal and monetary policy advisors, who enable them to ensure the public debt remains sustainable and maintenance of the credible strategy that reduces excess levels of debts(Beck, Demirguc-Kunt, Levine, 2010). Without the involvement of these public debt management programs, governments tend to end up signing and receiving poorly structured debts with unclear maturity period related to the payment agreements, currency or interest rate compositions, massive unfunded contingent liabilities which have increased the economic crisis (Timothy Nyaupane, 2009). Wachter, Marcel argues that there is no direct evaluation of debt stages instead only modeling the effects of recurring economic policy on growth. Nonetheless, this system is not linked to the governments debt as taxes will be required to explain their accountabilities. (Brooks, Cunha, Mosley, 2015), find that an alternative economic policy enhances growth because many organizations have capitalized on long-term projects. External loans have the inherent capacity to put a country on developmental plinth quickly, and if misused, will involve both societal and humanoid costs. It could also accelerate the decrease of a countrys external possessions and a drop in the level of production together with its effects on the micro economy (International Monetary Fund, 2001). For efficient sustainability of these debts, then they should be serviced by the creditor in a way that there is no exceptional financing like bailout by the donor depending on two factors; one is that how much money/ debt is owed, and two, the capacity of the lender to repay the debt that will be determined on the GDP, exports and amount of collected revenue (Jamovich Panizza, 2010). The need for an efficient sound capital market, has been highlighted as that of importance, and many governments have been encouraged to adopt a sound debt management system in order to reduce the governments debt portfolio and substantial obligations in relation to contingent liabilities that increase the debt crisis level (Rowden, 2009) and (Santiso, 2008). Various countries have tried various means to escape from the debt crisis through adoption of the different issues as argued by Faiez H. Seyal, including; improving debt ratios through debt restructuring and reorganization that involves; Refinancing which means getting new loans to pay old loans (Konteh, 2009). This, however, makes the country get deeper and deeper into debts, a term is known as spiral debt. Rescheduling through the acquisition of longer repayment periods, which sometimes also comes with very strict conditions like cuts in spending on healthcare, education and food subsidies (Kose, et al., 2009). These even worsen the situations for the people in the indebted countries. Buying loans from the creditor at a value of the loan with a payment an ossuary. Giving the creditor equity in a company owned by the state in return for debt cancellation. Effects of debts External debt is important for the developing nations as it enables them to fill up the differences between the expenses and profits collected that can never be sustained with national savings. It also allows them import machinery, capital goods, and technology that they need for their growth and investment purposes (Lekomola, 2010). These debts either foreign or domestic forces a country to embrace and device better methods that will enable its level of independence do not prevent or hinder the issuance of debt or the flow of fairness. Marcel, 2002, illustrates that the high levels of globalization in finances have led to the unleashing of forces that have brought about better public and corporate governance and improvement of discipline on microeconomic policies. The LDCs also borrow to suppress their depression on the creation of employment opportunities, therefore, funding the states public works program (Mitton, 2008). Another advantage of this is that it enables the marketing and promotion of exports or importation of substitution industries to create employment opportunities and increase a countys independence in economic issues (Ringland, 2010) and (Roberts Parks, 2009). Governments also borrow money and give free loans to withdraw purchasing power of its citizens by bringing down prices of goods hence curbing the inflation rate. On the other hand, when loans are paid with interest, a lot of wealth that has accumulated is transferred thereby causing a lot of burden for the nation due to increase of lending interest in percentages and also in the growth of taxation in order to generate additional revenue since they only operate using soft currencies (Nersisyan Wray, 2010). The independence of a country due to dogmatic twines, changes the investment of a country, consumption rates that make the indebted country use a lot of resources to finance and complete its projects. A lot of capital used will therefore result in the increase of profits which encourages more consumption that eventually trickles down causing inflation in the country if the demands are not satisfied and cause indirect adverse effects (Panizza, 2008). We know that debt is a liability that forces a country to work extra hard in tax collection to meet its repayments. These results in fewer savings for a nation for its development and social functions reducing the level of usage too that increases the level of inflation, saving levels and income levels (Petr, et al., 2012). Some the LDCs have gained a lot from these countries and are working their way out of their debt situation although there are a lot of setbacks. The payment of loans has proved difficult due to the conditions that loans must be paid in the form of the hard currencies; which include the American Dollar, the Japanese Yen, and the Swiss franc. Governments always try to repay their loans in order to maintain a good standing and strengthen the national credit between itself and their creditors by employing such tactics as; utilization of extra proceeds to pay the debts, buying its own stock in the money stock and exchange markets or borrowing at lower rates, conversion of high rated debts to lower ones when the rates of interests fall compared with the time they had borrowed and the setting aside of a certain amount of money every year from the revenue collected to repay a loan, calculated over given period (Presbitero, 2012). Public borrowing if properly managed and well planned for and skillfully operated, then can be a very powerful and straighter path to economic development and assuring the citizens of a stable continuous income that will continuously yield assets for them hence a productive form of debt (Rais Anwar, 2012). Conclusion Leadership is a critical role when there is a dire need for resource mobilization in pursuit of attaining economic growth and national prosperity hence leading to the achievement of national goals. Adoption of leadership that inspire both confidence and economic restructuring, and can deviate from ineptitude and corruption to competence and moral decency will be very essential. Since, foreign debts by the developing nations cannot be entirely done away with since these countries are still far from being completely developed and industrialized, to be able to manage and sustain their economies and creation of both wealth and employment opportunities. Repayment of these debts have equally proved a challenge as some government deficits are very high, there is also reduced demand for foreign exports and reduced capital flows. These have ensured these nations remain slaves to their creditors and therefore will forever remain accountable to them. 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